CAIC Z- 1. 0 - Wikipedia. The CAIC Z- 1. 0 (Chinese: . It is designed primarily for anti- tank warfare missions but has secondary air- to- air capability as well.
It was designed by Kamov design bureau of Russia under a contract with the Chinese government. It concluded that the best conventional solution was to use attack helicopters. At the time, they used civilian helicopters converted for the military; these were no longer adequate in the attack role, and suitable only as scouts.
Following this, China evaluated the Agusta A1. Mangusta, and in 1. United States to purchase AH- 1 Cobras and a license to produce BGM- 7. TOW missiles; the latter was cancelled following the Tiananmen Square protests of 1. The colour revolutions prevented the purchase of attack helicopters from Eastern Europe in 1.
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Bulgaria and Russia rejected Chinese offers to purchase the Mil Mi- 2. While attempting to import foreign designs failed, war games determined that attack helicopters had to be commanded by the army, rather than the air force. This led to the formation of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force Aircraft (PLAGFAF), with an initial strength of 9 Harbin Z- 9. The PLAGFAF conducted tactical experiments that would help define the future Z- 1. Research also decided that anti- tank missiles like the BGM- 7. TOW were inadequate, and favoured an analogue to the AGM- 1.
Hellfire. These findings ensured the Z- 1. Medium helicopter program.
The military perceived that once the new attack helicopter entered service, the existing helicopters would be used as scouts. The Armed Helicopter Developmental Work Team (. The 6. 02nd and 6. Research Institutes started development of the 6- ton class China Medium Helicopter (CHM) program. A secret contract was signed with the Kamov design bureau of Russia to design and verify the helicopter airframe and propulsion. The 6. 02nd Research Institute's called its proposed armed helicopter design the WZ- 1. Wu Zhi (. As a result, most of the resource went to the Z- 1.
The Z- 1. 0 program was called the Special Armed Project (. Development was kept under stricter secrecy than the Chengdu J- 1. Nearly four dozen other establishments participated in the program. In the summer of 1. AVIC II began to use a CAMC Z- 8 to test newly developed Z- 1.
In autumn of the same year, a Harbin Z- 9 was added to the test aircraft inventory. These tests concentrated on sub- systems such as the fire- control systems, HOTAS controls and navigation systems. South Africa provided limited help in the area of flight stability based on experience from designing the Denel Rooivalk. South African assistance ceased in 2. Microsoft Windows 7 32 64Bit Genuine Cracked Servers more. New manufacturer. The repeated failures in obtaining foreign attack helicopters reinforced feelings that China had no choice but to ignore foreign options and develop its own such aircraft and work on the Z- 1.
In the same year, HAMC transferred most of its production responsibilities to CAIC of AVIC II. The official reason given was excessive workload; HAMC was busy producing the HC1. Harbin Z- 9, as well as other fixed- wing aircraft such as the Harbin Y- 1. However, many speculated that HAMC was not performing well enough due to rigid and ineffective Soviet- style management practices, believed to have caused the company to go into debt.
Although HAMC was in the process of reform, which finally succeeded, the government and military were weary and impatient. The SH- 5 factory had become very profitable after its successful restructuring and reform, but it had to get out of the aircraft manufacturing business for good, manufacturing pressurized tanks and other specialized containers. It was decided that the Z- 1. HAMC, so a more stable contractor was sought and CAIC was selected. HAMC still retained responsibility for production of certain sub- systems and components, for which it could utilize experience gained from manufacturing parts for foreign helicopters and fixed- wing aircraft such as the Embraer ERJ 1.
In May 2. 00. 2, the Z- 1. Research Institute. In April 2. 00. 3, a Z- 1. Lumeng (. According to Chinese sources, the initial test flights were concluded on December 1. March 2. 00. 3. According to Jane's Information Group, a total of 3 prototypes had completed over 4.
By 2. 00. 4 3 more prototypes were built, for a total of 6, and a second stage of test flights were concluded on December 1. In one of the test flights the future commander- in- chief of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force Air Force (PLAGAF), Song Xiangsheng (. A third stage of intensive test flights followed, taking place during both day and night. By January 2. 00. Prototypes and a small number of pre- production aircraft are in service with the Chinese military for evaluation. The design is undergoing continuous minor modification and upgrade based on the feedback.
Amphibious role. The purpose may be to qualify the helicopter on ships to provide air support for landing parties launched from the ship. Type 0. 72. A- class ships have a helipad but no hangar or support facilities for the aircraft on board. The Z- 1. 0 may also be qualified on the larger Type 0. Kamov worked with the Chinese to establish base specifications, such as weight, speed and payload capacity after which they had full freedom to design the helicopter. Kamov designed, tested and verified the helicopter design, after which it was provided to the Chinese team. Although designed in Russia the prototype construction, flight testing and further development was performed by the Chinese. Wu had earlier participated in the designs of the armed version of transport helicopters Z- 8.
A and WZ- 9. In order to complete the necessary development, the 6. Research Institute and CAIC had jointly built a new engineering design center, industrial simulator, aircraft engine ground test center, fatigue laboratory, and rotary test platform (nicknamed as Iron Bird Platform, .
In the end of 2. 00. Composite material is widely used in the Z- 1.
China faced difficulties in this field, particularly in the area of survivability during crashes. Huge efforts were spent to domestically develop composite materials able to provide comparable levels of survivability to Western counterparts. Bmw Navigation Dvd Europe Download Firefox here. This achievement earned a second place in the Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND) progress reward.
Avionics (aircraft related). Although foreign technologies are utilized (particularly French and Israeli, as rumored), this is limited to hardware only.
All software applicable to Z- 1. China on its own.
Reportedly, the most time consuming part of the software engineering for Z- 1. Z- 1. 0. Instead of using French standard DIGIBUS, Z- 1. Chinese GJV2. 89.
A standard, the Chinese equivalent of MIL- STD- 1. B. The adaptation of western military standard means that western weaponry can be readily deployed on Z- 1. The ease of being compatible with multiple weaponry would also help to expand the export market of Z- 1. Flight instrumentation. The difference in layout between the two configurations is that in one configuration, there are three color LCDmulti- function displays (MFD), while in the other, these are replaced by two larger LCD MFDs. It’s not clear which one is originated from foreign system and which is indigenously developed, but it’s reported that the practice of having different configurations thanks to the modular design is for export purposes, to fit the potential customer countries’ pilots’ habits. Z- 1. 0 is also the very first Chinese helicopter that adopts HOTAS, but a traditional conventional control system had been developed in parallel as a backup, just as the case of cockpit MFDs, and for exactly the same reason why two configurations of flight instrumentation were developed in parallel.
The erroneous claim of installing Russian K- 3. Z- 1. 0 proved to be false, and the survival of pilots in emergency landings depends on the crash worthiness of the helicopter. To counterbalance the weight of the armor protecting the pilots, flight instrumentation panel is the place where composite material is mostly used, as in the case of the dashboard of automobiles, where plastic material concentrates. One of the greatest challenges was to find the right composite material that is fit to use, while at the same time, also meets the safety standard so that during a fire, the pilots would not be knocked out by the toxic fume released by the burning composite material. Navigation. A radar altimeter currently installed on Z- 1. Early units of Z- 1.
Doppler navigational radar which only had weather and navigational capabilities, and a more advanced (and thus more costly) model has been developed, incorporating ground mapping, terrain- avoidance, and terrain- following radar capabilities. The on- board inertial navigation system (INS) is fully integrated with the Bei. Dou Navigation Satellite System, and provisions are made for future upgrades to include Galileo (satellite navigation)/GPS/GLONASS when expanded capabilities of these systems become available. For potential export customers, it can select the satellite navigation systems of its choice, though GPS is usually the norm. In addition, despite the developer’s claim that the navigational system of Z- 1. GPS corrected INS is the only system that has been shown to the public at Zhuhai Airshows and other defense exhibitions. A modified Blue Sky navigation pod can also be carried by Z- 1.
Information is shared via a secured data- link that provides real time and near- real time information. Avionics (mission related). The system is designated YH- 9. YH = Yu Huo, . YH- 9. Alternatively, pilots can choose to launch decoys or jamming enemy sensors themselves.
The helicopter also has an infrared jammer. Like the modified Blue Sky navigation pod, a modified BM/KG3. G self- protection jamming pod can also be carried, usually on one of the hard points of the stub wings. Similarly, a modified KZ9.
Usually, only one such pod is carried at any one time. The identification friend or foe (IFF) system of Z- 1.
