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Privileged Access Workstations . Separating these sensitive tasks and accounts from the daily use workstations and devices provides very strong protection from phishing attacks, application and OS vulnerabilities, various impersonation attacks, and credential theft attacks such as keystroke logging, Pass- the- Hash, and Pass- The- Ticket. Architecture Overview. The diagram below depicts a separate . This architecture can be applied to administration of many types of systems including Active Directory Domains and Forests, Microsoft Azure Active Directory tenants, Office 3. Process Control Networks (PCN), Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), and Point of Sale (Po.
S) devices. High Sensitivity Information workers the approach used in a PAW can also provide protection for highly sensitive information worker tasks and personnel such as those involving pre- announcement Merger and Acquisition activity, pre- release financial reports, organizational social media presence, executive communications, unpatented trade secrets, sensitive research, or other proprietary or sensitive data. This guidance does not discuss the configuration of these information worker scenarios in depth or include this scenario in the technical instructions. Note. Microsoft IT uses PAWs (internally referred to as . This guidance has additional details below on PAW usage at Microsoft in the section . For more detailed information on this high value asset environment approach, please refer to the article, Protecting high- value assets with secure admin workstations.
This document will describe why this practice is recommended for protecting high impact privileged accounts, what these PAW solutions look like for protecting administrative privileges, and how to quickly deploy a PAW solution for domain and cloud services administration. This document provides detailed guidance for implementing several PAW configurations and includes detailed implementation instructions to get you started on protecting common high impact accounts: Phase 1 - Immediate Deployment for Active Directory Administrators this provides a PAW quickly that can protect on premises domain and forest administration roles. Phase 2 - Extend PAW to all administrators this enables protection for administrators of cloud services like Office 3. Azure, enterprise servers, enterprise applications, and workstations. Phase 3 - Advanced PAW security this discusses additional protections and considerations for PAW security.
Why a dedicated workstation? The current threat environment for organizations is rife with sophisticated phishing and other internet attacks that create continuous risk of security compromise for internet exposed accounts and workstations. This threat environment requires an organizations to adopt an . These high value assets need to be protected against both direct internet threats as well as attacks mounted from other workstations, servers, and devices in the environment. This figure depicts risk to managed assets if an attacker gains control of a user workstation where sensitive credentials are used. An attacker in control of an operating system has numerous ways in which to illicitly gain access to all activity on the workstation and impersonate the legitimate account.
A variety of known and unknown attack techniques can be used to gain this level of access. The increasing volume and sophistication of cyberattacks have made it necessary to extend that separation concept to completely separate client operating systems for sensitive accounts. For more information on these types of attacks, please visit the Pass The Hash web site for informative white papers, videos and more. Frame Reordering Adobe Media Encoder For Mac.
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The PAW approach is an extension of the well- established recommended practice to use separate admin and user accounts for administrative personnel. This practice uses an individually assigned administrative account that is completely separate from the user's standard user account. PAW builds on that account separation practice by providing a trustworthy workstation for those sensitive accounts.
Note. Microsoft IT uses PAWs (internally referred to as . The guidance helps you: Restrict exposure of credentials to only trusted hosts. Provide a high- security workstation to administrators so they can easily perform administrative tasks. Restricting the sensitive accounts to using only hardened PAWs is a straightforward protection for these accounts that is both highly usable for administrators and very difficult for an adversary to defeat. This section contains information on how the security of alternate approaches compares to PAW and how to correctly integrate these approaches within a PAW architecture. All of these approaches carry significant risks when implemented in isolation, but can add value to a PAW implementation in some scenarios.
Credential Guard and Microsoft Passport. Introduced in Windows 1. Credential Guard uses hardware and virtualization- based security to mitigate common credential theft attacks, such as Pass- the- Hash, by protecting the derived credentials. The private key for credentials used by Microsoft Passport can be also be protected by Trusted Platform Module (TPM) hardware. These are powerful mitigations, but workstations can still be vulnerable to certain attacks even if the credentials are protected by Credential Guard or Passport. Attacks can include abusing privileges and use of credentials directly from a compromised device, reusing previously stolen credentials prior to enabling Credential Guard, and abuse of management tools and weak application configurations on the workstation. The PAW guidance in this section includes the use of many of these technologies for high sensitivity accounts and tasks.
Administrative VMAn administrative virtual machine (VM) is a dedicated operating system for administrative tasks hosted on a standard user desktop. While this approach is similar to PAW in providing a dedicated OS for administrative tasks, it has a fatal flaw in that the administrative VM is dependent on the standard user desktop for its security. The diagram below depicts the ability of attackers to follow the control chain to the target object of interest with an Admin VM on a User Workstation and that it is difficult to create a path on the reverse configuration. The PAW architecture does not allow for hosting an admin VM on a user workstation, but a user VM with a standard corporate image can be hosted on a PAW host to provide personnel with a single PC for all responsibilities. Jump Server. Administrative .
This is typically based on remote desktop services, a 3rd- party presentation virtualization solution, or a Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) technology. This approach is frequently proposed to mitigate risk to administration and does provide some security assurances, but the jump server approach by itself is vulnerable to certain attacks because it violates the . The clean source principle requires all security dependencies to be as trustworthy as the object being secured. This figure depicts a simple control relationship. Any subject in control of an object is a security dependency of that object. If an adversary can control a security dependency of a target object (subject), they can control that object.
The administrative session on the jump server relies on the integrity of the local computer accessing it. If this computer is a user workstation subject to phishing attacks and other internet- based attack vectors, then the administrative session is also subject to those risks. The figure above depicts how attackers can follow an established control chain to the target object of interest. While some advanced security controls like multi- factor authentication can increase the difficulty of an attacker taking over this administrative session from the user workstation, no security feature can fully protect against technical attacks when an attacker has administrative access of the source computer (e.
The user jump server is still exposed to risk so appropriate protective controls, detective controls, and response processes should still be applied for that internet- facing computer. This configuration requires administrators to follow operational practices closely to ensure that they don't accidentally enter administrator credentials into the user session on their desktop. This figure shows how accessing an administrative jump server from a PAW adds no path for the attacker into the administrative assets. A jump server with a PAW allows in this case you to consolidate the number of locations for monitoring administrative activity and distributing administrative applications and tools. This adds some design complexity, but can simplify security monitoring and software updates if a large number of accounts and workstations are used in your PAW implementation. The jump server would need to be built and configured to similar security standards as the PAW. Privilege Management Solutions.
Privileged Management solutions are applications that provide temporary access to discrete privileges or privileged accounts on demand. Privilege management solutions are an extremely valuable component of a complete strategy to secure privileged access and provide critically important visibility and accountability of administrative activity.
These solutions typically use a flexible workflow to grant access and many have additional security features and capabilities like service account password management and integration with administrative jump servers. There are many solutions on the market that provide privilege management capabilities, one of which is Microsoft Identity Manager (MIM) privileged access management (PAM). Microsoft recommends using a PAW to access privilege management solutions. Access to these solutions should be granted only to PAWs.